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  1. Headache is one of the most common pain syndromes in the paediatric population. Headaches are classified as primary (migraine, tension-type headaches, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia and other primary headach...

    Authors: Léa Lenglart, Cécile Monteil, Eugenia Spreafico, Thomas Moulding and Luigi Titomanlio
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:122
  2. Influenza surveillance aims to determine onset, duration and intensity of the seasonal Influence-like Illness (ILI); data collection begins in the week 42 of a year and ends in the week 17 of the following yea...

    Authors: Stefania Ranno, Luana Coltella, Giulia Linardos, Velia Chiara Di Maio, Luna Colagrossi, Leonarda Gentile, Eugenia Galeno, Marta Luisa Ciofi degli Atti, Sebastian Cristaldi, Alberto Villani, Massimiliano Raponi, Carlo Federico Perno and Cristina Russo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:121
  3. We investigated changes in microR-29c and microR-146a expression in the serum of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, analysed their relationship with inflammatory factors and disease severity, and eval...

    Authors: Jingcai Wang, Chunyan Guo, Lixin Yang, Peng Sun and Xiaoqing Jing
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:119
  4. While existing research has explored changes in health behaviours among adults and adolescents due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact of quarantine on young children’s well-being is still less clear. Moreove...

    Authors: Marco Giustini, Ilaria Luzi, Angela Spinelli, Silvia Andreozzi, Mauro Bucciarelli, Marta Buoncristiano, Paola Nardone and Silvia Ciardullo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:118
  5. Ophthalmia neonatorum is an acute conjunctivitis that occurs in newborns within the first month of life. The most serious infections are due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, that may cause perm...

    Authors: Vito Mondì, Chryssoula Tzialla, Salvatore Aversa, Daniele Merazzi, Stefano Martinelli, Gabriella Araimo, Luca Massenzi, Giacomo Cavallaro, Luigi Gagliardi, Fiammetta Piersigilli, Mario Giuffrè, Simona Lozzi, Paolo Manzoni, Fabio Mosca, Irene Cetin, Vito Trojano…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:117
  6. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder with different initial symptoms and complex clinical manifestations. A 14-year-old female patient presented with persistent fever and severe h...

    Authors: Yanlin Li, Zhihua Si, Wei Zhao, Cong Xie, Xu Zhang, Ju Liu, Jinzhi Liu and Zhangyong Xia
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:116
  7. The last year saw intensive efforts to advance knowledge in pediatric medicine. This review highlights important publications that have been issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2022. We have chosen ...

    Authors: Carlo Caffarelli, Francesca Santamaria, Ettore Piro, Simona Basilicata, Lorenzo D’Antonio, Bertrand Tchana, Sergio Bernasconi and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:115
  8. Acute pharyngitis is a frequent reason for primary care or emergency unit visits in children. Most available data on pharyngitis management come from primary care studies that demonstrate an underuse of microb...

    Authors: Gregorio P. Milani, Claudio Rosa, Naz Tuzger, Ilaria Alberti, Chiara Ghizzi, Stefania Zampogna, Angela Amigoni, Carlo Agostoni, Diego Peroni, Paola Marchisio and Elena Chiappini
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:114
  9. SARS-Cov2 infection began to spread worldwide since December 2019; on March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized its related disease, named COVID-19, as a pandemic. In Italy, to contain the spread...

    Authors: Paolo Cavarzere, Romina Pausilli, Lara Nicolussi Prinicpe, Rossella Gaudino, Alessandra Guzzo, Gaetano Cantalupo and Franco Antoniazzi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:113
  10. Emerging technologies have demonstrated outstanding potential in improving healthcare, yet their full integration remains a challenge for all medical specialties, including pediatrics. To support the swift imp...

    Authors: Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Francesco Gesualdo, Elisabetta Pandolfi, Diana Ferro, Giulia Cinelli, Elena Bozzola, Tommaso Aversa, Antonio Di Mauro, Chiara Mameli and Ileana Croci
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:112
  11. Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder, characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, radiat...

    Authors: Laura De Nardi, Marco Francesco Natale, Virginia Messia, Paolo Tomà, Fabrizio De Benedetti and Antonella Insalaco
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:111
  12. Inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are key determinants of child malnutrition and impact one-third of the under-five mortality rate worldwide. The district of Namuno in Cabo Delgado (...

    Authors: Kodak Raúl Marroda, Cristiana Berti, Adriano La Vecchia, Carlo Agostoni, Bruno Nazim Baroni, Silvia Bettocchi and Mattia Baglioni
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:110
  13. Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (50 kDa) secreted by endothelial cells and expressed by dermal, coronary, pulmonary and adipose tissue microvasculature. It plays an important role in the pat...

    Authors: Carmela Morace, Selenia Lorenza Curatola, Giuseppe Mandraffino, Michele Scuruchi, Angela Elvira Serrano’, Angelo Tropeano, Fortunato Lombardo, Giuseppina Salzano, Giovanni Squadrito, Antonio Giovanni Versace and Mariella Valenzise
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:108
  14. This case of psittacosis in children, is the first described in literature, in Italy. This respiratory infection can be transmitted to humans from the inhalation of respiratory secretions, feces and plumage ae...

    Authors: Serena Marchese, Giacomo Marchese, Giuseppe Paviglianiti, Maria Lapi, Gaetano Ottoveggio, Giuseppe Pipitone and Giovanni Corsello
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:107
  15. Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP) is defined as a low level of circulating thyroxine (T4), despite low or normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the incidenc...

    Authors: Aslan Yilmaz, Yavuz Ozer, Nesrin Kaya, Aydilek Dagdeviren Cakir, Hazal Cansu Culpan, Yildiz Perk, Mehmet Vural and Olcay Evliyaoglu
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:105

    The Correction to this article has been published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:130

  16. The Order of Physicians and Dentists of the Province of Rome aims at focusing on the satisfaction of healthcare personnel as an essential factor for the quality of medical care in the health sector. The aim of...

    Authors: Martina Sapienza, Giuseppe Furia, Domenico Paolo La Regina, Valentina Grimaldi, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Cristina Patrizi, Giovanni Capelli and Gianfranco Damiani
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:104
  17. Over 16 million children have been detected positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States since the outbreak of the pandemic. In general, children infected with severe acute respira...

    Authors: Jingzhi Wen, Xiaoan Du, Adan Li, Shungeng Zhang, Shengyun Shen, Ziteng Zhang, Liyuan Yang, Changqing Sun, Jianing Li and Shiheng Zhu
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:103
  18. In this study, we intend to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of postoperative neuroblastoma children, including the results of follow-up examinations and laboratory tests, to explore the clinical valu...

    Authors: Jinmin Li, Zilong Qi, Mo Chen, Jiachen Wang and Xiangyang Liu
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:102
  19. Ligneous Conjunctivitis (LC) is the most common clinical manifestation of Type I Plasminogen deficiency (T1PD; OMIM# 217090), and it is characterized by the formation of pseudomembranes (due to deposition of f...

    Authors: Filippo Maria Panfili, Paola Valente, Andrea Ficari, Fabiana Cortellessa, Davide Vecchio, Michaela Veronika Gonfiantini, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Emanuele Agolini, Maria Bartuli, Alessandra Claudia Modugno and Marina Macchiaiolo
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:101
  20. Diagnosing central precocious puberty (CPP) requires an integrated approach based on clinical, biochemical and instrumental data. The diagnostic gold standard is represented by GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hor...

    Authors: Ilaria Brambilla, Carmen Guarracino, Carmelo Pistone, Catherine Klersy, Amelia Licari, Gian Luigi Marseglia and Enrico Tondina
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:100
  21. Neurodevelopmental disorders have a multifactorial etiology, since biological, genetic, psychosocial and environmental risk factors are involved. Recent studies have been linking neurodevelopmental disorders a...

    Authors: Andrea Querzani, Fabio Sirchia, Gianluca Rustioni, Alessandra Rossi, Alessandro Orsini, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Salvatore Savasta, Luisa Chiapparini and Thomas Foiadelli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:99
  22. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by mutations in the SBDS gene and characterized by exocrine pancreatic deficiency, hematologic dysfunction, and skeletal growth failure. Al...

    Authors: Lusine V. Navasardyan, Ingrid Furlan, Stephanie Brandt, Ansgar Schulz, Martin Wabitsch and Christian Denzer
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:98
  23. Basic motor competencies (BMC) play a vital role in child development and are a primary focus of physical education. However, there is a lack of research on BMC in preschool-aged children, making this study pa...

    Authors: Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon, Yesenia García-Alonso, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Blanca Erice-Echegaray, Mikel Izquierdo and Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:97
  24. Fusobacterium necrophorum is an anaerobic, gram-negative, non-motile, filamentous, non-spore forming bacillus found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract, responsible of a rare dise...

    Authors: Laura Venditto, Giuliana Ferrante, Anna Caccin, Giulia Franchini, Marco Zaffanello, Laura Tenero, Michele Piazza, Stefano Di Gioia, Giorgio Piacentini and Angelo Pietrobelli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:96
  25. Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that causes susceptibility to recurrent fungal and bacterial infections. The CYBB gene encodes gp91phox component of the Phagocytic Nicotinamide a...

    Authors: Irum Gul, Taj Ali Khan, Noor ul Akbar, Naila Gul, Rehman Ali and Shahid Niaz Khan
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:95
  26. Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in childhood is a life-threatening disease most commonly due to impaired steroidogenesis. Differently from adulthood, autoimmune adrenalitis is a rare condition amongst PAI’...

    Authors: Marta Arrigoni, Paolo Cavarzere, Lara Nicolussi Principe, Rossella Gaudino and Franco Antoniazzi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:94
  27. Multiple immunopathological responses to viruses are observed in infectious mononucleosis (IM), a manifestation of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Protective effects of the negative immunoregu...

    Authors: Mingsheng Zhao, Li Ma, Huihui Jiang, Yufeng Gu, Xin Yang, Riming Liu, Chengming Sun and Yulan Li
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:93
  28. Tracheal compression (TC) due to vascular anomalies is an uncommon, but potentially serious cause of chronic respiratory disease in childhood. Vascular slings are congenital malformations resulting from abnorm...

    Authors: Adele Corcione, Melissa Borrelli, Leonardo Radice, Oliviero Sacco, Michele Torre, Francesco Santoro, Gaetano Palma, Eleonora Acampora, Francesca Cillo, Pietro Salvati, Angelo Florio and Francesca Santamaria
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:92
  29. We describe the first school-located influenza vaccination campaign with quadrivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among pre-school children in Italy, coupled with an innovative school-centred infl...

    Authors: Antonella Amendola, Elisa Borghi, Silvia Bianchi, Maria Gori, Clara Fappani, Lucia Barcellini, Federica Forlanini, Nicolò Garancini, Chiara Nava, Alessandra Mari, Anna Sala, Chiara Gasparini, Emerenziana Ottaviano, Daniela Colzani, Elia Mario Biganzoli, Elisabetta Tanzi…
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:91
  30. Studies on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki Disease (KD) have yielded inconsistent results and are lacking in Asian and African countries. This study aimed to compare the labo...

    Authors: Saghar Mehrban, Fatemeh Tahghighi, Ehsan Aghaei Moghadam and Vahid Ziaee
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:90
  31. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and characterized by an increased risk of multiorgan involvement. In Down syndrome children, functional constipation and lower urinary tra...

    Authors: Roberta Onesimo, Cristiana Agazzi, Luca Massimi, Valentina Giorgio, Chiara Leoni, Giuseppe Zampino and Claudia Rendeli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:89
  32. In pediatric age, Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from mild localized infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. In December 2022, the World He...

    Authors: Nicolò Garancini, Giulia Ricci, Michele Ghezzi, Paola Tommasi, Fiammetta Zunica, Anna Mandelli, Elena Zoia, Enza D’Auria and Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:88
  33. In recent years screening of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in both at risk children and general population has been widely discussed with the aim of increasing awareness of the importance to early detect (and possibly...

    Authors: Valentino Cherubini and Francesco Chiarelli
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:87
  34. Sandplay therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique, based on the psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious. Nearly a century after it was developed, sandplay can now be applied for the initial diagnosis tools fo...

    Authors: Ying Ge, Jun Yu Huo, Hai Bo Yang, Jay L. Wenger, Jing Yi Yuan and Xiao Jie Sun
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:86
  35. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disease with otolaryngological involvement. The classic phenotype is characterized by distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, growth delay, hirsutism,...

    Authors: Roberta Onesimo, Rita De Santis, Chiara Leoni, Mario Rigante, Marco Piastra, Elisabetta Sforza, Angelo Selicorni and Giuseppe Zampino
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:85
  36. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a very rare and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. CDA II is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene. The most common muta...

    Authors: Arati Nandan Saptarshi, Rashmi K. Dongerdiye, Tejashree Anil More and Prabhakar S. Kedar
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:84
  37. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare hereditary muscular disease. The role of eosinophils in DMD has not been clarified. This study aims to evaluate the association between peripheral blood eosinophil c...

    Authors: Zhi Jiang, Hongmei Liao, Liwen Wu, Wenjing Hu, Liming Yang, Bo Chen, Zeshu Ning, Jingwen Tang, Rong Xu, Mei Chen, Feng Guo and Shulei Liu
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:83
  38. During the COVID-19 pandemic, accesses to pediatric health care services decreased, as well as the consumption of traditional drugs, while the median cost per patient at the emergency department slightly incre...

    Authors: Roberto Franceschi, Evelina Maines, Angelamaria Petrone, Simone Bilato, Ilaria Trentini, Lorenzo Di Spazio, Luca Leonardi, Massimo Soffiati and Andrea Francesconi
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:82
  39. Robust routine immunization schedules for pertussis-containing vaccines have been applied for years, but pertussis outbreaks remain a worldwide problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between ...

    Authors: Yuning Wang, Naiyang Shi, Qiang Wang, Liuqing Yang, Tingting Cui and Hui Jin
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:81
  40. To examine the clinical impact of bronchoscope alveolar lavage (BAL) combination with budesonide, ambroxol + budesonide, or acetylcysteine + budesonide in the treatment of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneu...

    Authors: Yanli Wang, Kai Liu, Chuangui Chen and Chengyun Zhang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:80
  41. In recent decades some studies described the frequent co-occurrence of celiac disease autoimmunity and overt celiac disease in patients with autism. Therefore, it was suggested that celiac disease could play a...

    Authors: Stefania Zambrano, Barbara Parma, Valeria Morabito, Silvia Borini, Roberta Romaniello, Massimo Molteni, Elisa Mani and Angelo Selicorni
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:79
  42. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been the mainstay of treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD) over the past decades. However, 10–20% of KD patients are resistant to IVIG treatment which puts those patients at...

    Authors: Rui Zhang, Shuping Shuai, Hongxi Zhang, Jianghui Cai, Na Cui, Mi Tang, Shasha Xing, Yu Gao, Xia Liu and Xiao Yang
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:78
  43. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a frequent genetic disorder characterised by high plasma levels of total and LDL-cholesterol and premature atherosclerosis. If left untreated, affected subjects have a hi...

    Authors: Maria Elena Capra, Giacomo Biasucci, Elisa Crivellaro, Giuseppe Banderali and Cristina Pederiva
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:77
  44. The prevalence of children with medical complexity is increasing, therefore drug formulations must be updated in accordance with their needs. Furthermore, a different drug formulation may be also needed for pa...

    Authors: Francesca Burlo, Davide Zanon, Paola Minghetti, Valentina Taucar, Giulia Benericetti, Giada Bennati, Egidio Barbi and Lucia De Zen
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:76
  45. Malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies are considerable problems worldwide, with variable burdens among different communities. Its complications include physical a...

    Authors: Hanan Mina Fouad, Aly Yousef, Ahmed Afifi, Ahmed A. Ghandour, Amira Elshahawy, Ayman Elkhawass, Hazem Hawees, Eman Shaheen, Mohamed Alaaeldin, Mostafa Kamal, Samah Bastawy, Samah Rabie, Farah Wissa and Sherine Shalaby
    Citation: Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2023 49:75

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