Table 2 Symptoms and clinical entities of FA in the pediatric age

Gastrointestinal

- Nausea/vomiting

- Diarrhea

- Abdominal pain

- Itching of the oral cavity

- Tongue edema

- Nausea/vomiting

- Sialorrhea

- Diarrhea

- Colic

- Constipation

- Abdominal pain

- Dysphagia

- Dyspepsia

- Retrosternal pyrosis

- Loss of appetite

- Hematochezia/ melaena

- Malabsorption

- Poor growth/weight loss

- Food impaction

- Nausea/vomiting

- Sialorrhea

- Diarrhea

- Colic

- Constipation

- Abdominal pain

- Dysphagia

- Dyspepsia

- Retrosternal pyrosis

- Loss of appetite

- Hematochezia/ melaena

- Malabsorption

- Poor growth/weight loss

Respiratory

- Itchy nose/nasal congestion

- Rhinorrhea

- Sneezing

- Wheezing/coughing/

dyspnea

- Laryngeal stridor

- Thoracic constriction

- Conjunctival tearing, itching

and hyperemia

- Interstitial lung disease

Cutaneous

- Wheals

- Edema of the subcutaneous

tissues

- Rapid onset erythema or

rash

- Pruritus

- Eczematous lesions

Others

- Hypotension

- Pallor

- Lethargy

- Shock

- Hypotension

- Pallor

- Lethargy

- Shock

Clinical entities

IgE-mediated FA

Mixed form

(IgE/non-IgE-mediated FA)

Non-IgE-mediated FA

- Anaphylaxis

- Food-dependent exercise-

induced anaphylaxis

- Oral allergy syndrome

- Acute repetitive vomiting

and/or abdominal pain

and/or diarrhea

- Asthma and oculorhinitis

- Urticaria and angioedema

- Atopic dermatitis

- Eosinophilic disorders of the

gastrointestinal tract

- Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)

- Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP)

- Food Protein- induced Enteropathy (FPE)

- Food induced motility disorders (FPIMD) (constipation, colic, gastroesophageal reflux disease)

- Heiner Syndrome