Non-IgE-mediated FA | Main clinical features |
---|---|
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) | Cardinal symptoms: Acute FPIES: Vomiting 1–4 h after ingestion Chronic FPIES: intermittent but progressive vomiting and diarrhoe Additional symptoms: Acute FPIES: pallor, lethargy, hypovolaemia, hypotension, diarrhoea Chronic FPIES: faltering growth |
Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP) | Cardinal symptoms: Blood in stool Additional symptoms: Occasional loose stools, mucous in the stools, painful flatus, anal excoriation |
Food Protein- induced Enteropathy (FPE) | Cardinal symptoms: Diarrhoea, failure to thrive Additional symptoms: Mucus and bloating, intermitting vomiting, abdominal pain, faltering growth, hypoalbuminemia |
Food induced motility disorders (FPIMD) -Constipation -Colic -Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) | Persistent FPIMD symptoms often coexisting, associated with atopic dermatitis and not responsive to conventional treatment Cardinal symptoms: Straining with soft stools Additional symptoms: Faecal impaction, bloating, abdominal pain Cardinal symptoms: Colic based on Rome IV consensus [16] Additional symptoms: Abnormal stool patterns, faltering growth Cardinal symptoms: Intermitted painful vomiting/regurgitation Additional symptoms: Faltering growth, feeding difficulties backarching with pain |