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Table 2 Papers reporting long term respiratory outcomes in symptomatic children affected by VRs

From: Long term respiratory morbidity in patients with vascular rings: a review

Authors

Type of corrected vascular anomaly

Cardiac comorbidities

Other comorbidities

Median age at the time of surgery

Follow up

N. of available symptomatic patients to follow-up

% of population with improved symptoms

Chun, 1992 [41]

RAA + ALSA, DAA

N.A

N.A

7 mo

12.5 mo

32

84%

Bonnard, 2003 [2]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, RAA + LDA

VSD, ASD, persistent PDA

Di George, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome EA, lobar emphysema

N.A

37.4 mo

60

68%

Shanmugam, 2005 [42]

DAA

VSD, PDA, CoA

Down, Di George, Pader Willi syndromes, left lower lobe sequestration with renal and sacral agenesis and anal atresia, TEF, sleep apnea, Congenital hip dysplasia, HT, Spina bifida with dysmorphism

5.7 mo

2 y

28

75.9%

Turner, 2005 [43]

RAA + LLA, DAA, LPA, RAA + ALSA

N.A

Down, Di George, syndromes, anal atresia, tracheal stenosis, congenital lobar emphysema

N.A

18 mo

20

90%

Alsenaidi, 2006 [44]

DAA

N.A

N.A

6 mo

6.5 mo

74

66%

Ruzmetov, 2009 [14]

DAA, RAA + LLA, rSa, LPA, IA

VSD, ASD, IAA, AS, TOF, SV, CoA, DTS, DORV, TA, MVS

Di George, Down and Goldenhar syndromes, Dandy-Walker cyst syndrome, hydrocephalus, cleft lip-palate, TEF, distal tracheal stenosis, unperforated anus, BPD

5 mo

1 y

135

75%

Herrin, 2017 [45]

DAA, RRA + ALSA

N.A

N.A

1.8 y

1 mo

125

74%

Naimo,2017 [46]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, RAA + MB + LLA, LAA + RLA

VSD, ASD, TOF, DORV, PDA

N.A

1 y

11.4 y

121

86%

FranÒ«ois, 2017 [47]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, LAA + RLA, LPA

VSD, ASD, TOF, DORV

Di George, CHARGE, Down syndromes, VCF, EA

1 y

6 mo

55

83%

Schmidt, 2018 [25]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, RAA + LLA

VSD, ASD, PDA, TVi, MVi

Non-malignant neurofibromato, CANA1S gene mutation, CHARGE syndrome, laryngo-/tracheo-/bronchomalacia, asthma, ADHD, MBL mutation, SH purpura, choanal atresia

1.4 y

6.8 y

21

14%

Depypere, 2019 [48]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, RAA + MB

$

$

8 mo

10 y

36

72%

Callahan, 2020 [49]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, RAA + MB

N.A

DiGeorge, Trisomy 21, CHARGE, PHACE, Rosai-Dorman syndrome other mutation, deletion, duplication

9.9 mo

17.4 mo 10.9 mo

34

25

65% (aberrant subclavian artery) 43.5% (DAA)

Said, 2021 [12]

DAA, RAA + ALSA, LAA + rSA, LPA

VSD, ASD, TOF, CoA, TA, PVS

DiGeorge, Noonan, Klippel-Feil syndrome, craniocynostosis, myotonic dystrophy type 1, CHARGE syndrome, EA + TEF, polysplenia with absent distal pancreas, HLH

7.3 mo

3 ± 5 y

42

93%

Yu, 2022 [26]

DAA, RAA + LLA, LAA + RLA, LAA + rSa, LPA, IA

VSD, ASD, TOF

Di George, Down and Goldenhar syndromes, imperforate anus, unilateral renal agenesis, cleft palate, polydactylism, hypospadias

10 mo

4.3 ± 2.9 y

N.A

94.6%

  1. Legend: AS Aortic stenosis, ASD Atrial septal defect, ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, BDP Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CANA1S gene Calcineurin A1 gene, CoA Coarctation of the aorta, DTS Distal tracheal stenosis, DORV Double-outlet right ventricle, EA Esophageal atresia, HLH Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HT Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, IAA Interrupted aortic arch, MBL Mannose binding lectin deficiency, MVi Mitral valve insufficiency, MVS Mitral valve stenosis, PVS Pulmonary valve stenosis, SH Schönlein- Henoch’s purpura, SV Single ventricle, VCF Velocardiofacial syndrome, VSD Ventricular septal defect, TOF Tetralogy of Fallot, TEF Tracheoesophageal fistula, TGA Transposition of the great arteries, TVi Tricuspidal valve insufficiency, TA Truncus arteriosus, UVH Univentricular heart. N.A Not available, Mo Months, Y: years
  2. $ The presence of comorbidities has been considered as exclusion criteria
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Italian Journal of Pediatrics

ISSN: 1824-7288

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