Table 2 Clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with severe pneumonia prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Number of cases, n (%)

43(100.0)

7(100.0)

Age, median (IQR), m

35(17.0–67.0)

6(5.0–14.0)

0.003*

Gender, n (%)

0.819

 Male

24(55.8)

3(42.9)

 Female

19(44.2)

4(57.1)

Hospital stay, median (IQR), d

11(9.0–14.0)

12(9.0–29.0)

0.528

Season of hospitalization, n (%)

0.405

 Spring (Mar.-May.)

29(67.4)

3(42.9)

 Summer(Jun.-Aug.)

14(32.6)

4(57.1)

Bacterial infections, n (%)

0.541

 No

38(88.4)

5(71.4)

 Yes

5(11.6)

2(28.6)

Viral infections, n (%)

0.308

 No

26(60.5)

6(85.7)

 Yes

10(23.3)

0(0.0)

Mp infection, n (%)

0.448

 No

17(39.5)

5(71.4)

 Yes

19(44.2)

2(28.6)

Mixed infections, n (%)

0.943

 No

26(60.5)

5(71.4)

 Yes

10(23.3)

1(14.3)

Serum sIgE(IU/ml), n (%)

 House dust mite

1.000

  < 0.35

23(53.5)

1(14.3)

  ≥ 0.35

8(18.6)

1(14.3)

 Milk

1.000

  < 0.35

21(48.8)

2(28.6)

  ≥ 0.35

10(23.3)

0(0.0)

 Egg white

1.000

  < 0.35

27(62.8)

2(28.6)

  ≥ 0.35

4(9.3)

0(0.0)

 Shrimp

1.000

  < 0.35

30(69.8)

2(28.6)

  ≥ 0.35

1(2.3)

0(0.0)

 Crab

1.000

  < 0.35

30(69.8)

2(28.6)

  ≥ 0.35

1(2.3)

0(0.0)

Micronutrient levels

 Vitamin A(umol/l)

1.000

  < 0.52

2(4.7)

0(0.0)

  0.52–2.2

17(39.5)

1(14.3)

 Vitamin B1(nmol/l )

-

  < 50

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

  50–150

19(44.2)

1(14.3)

 Vitamin B2(ug/l)

1.000

  < 200

2(4.7)

0(0.0)

  ≥ 200

17(39.5)

1(14.3)

 Vitamin B6(umol/l)

0.050*

  < 14.6

0(0.0)

1(14.3)

  14.6–72.9

19(44.2)

0(0.0)

 Vitamin C(umol/l)

0.150

  < 34

2(4.7)

1(14.3)

  34–114

17(39.5)

0(0.0)

 Serum 25(OH)D(nmol/l)

-

  < 50

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

  ≥ 50

19(44.2)

1(14.3)

 Zn(umol/l)

0.429

  < 9.2

12(27.9)

0(0.0)

  9.2–22.9

8(18.6)

1(14.3)

 Ca(mmol/l)

1.000

  < 2.0

9(20.9)

0(0.0)

  2.0-2.74

11(25.6)

1(14.3)