Table 4 Related factors of severe pneumonia in pediatric inpatients by multivariate analysis

Number of cases, n (%)

988(100.0)

50(100.0)

Age, median (IQR), m

48(21.0–82.0)

32(14.0–65.0)

0.990

(0.981,0.999)

0.022*

0.992

(0.967,1.018)

0.558

Gender, n (%)

0.817

0.583

 Male

550(55.7)

27(54.0)

1.000

1.000

 Female

438(44.3)

23(46.0)

1.070

(0.605,1.892)

1.548

(0.325,7.386)

Hospital stay, median (IQR), d

6(5.0–8.0)

12(9.0–14.0)

1.434

(1.324,1.553)

0.000*

1.521

(1.241,1.866)

0.000*

Season of hospitalization, n (%)

0.006*

0.299

 Spring (Mar.-May.)

430(43.5)

32(64.0)

1.000

1.000

 Summer(Jun.-Aug.)

558(56.5)

18(36.0)

0.433

(0.240,0.783)

0.359

(0.052,2.479)

Period, n (%)

0.246

0.998

 Pre-COVID-19

782(79.1)

43(86.0)

1.000

1.000

 COVID-19

206(20.9)

7(14.0)

0.618

(0.274,1.394)

0.000

0.000

Bacterial infections, n (%)

0.054

0.585

 No

922(93.3)

43(86.0)

1.000

1.000

 Yes

66(6.7)

7(14.0)

2.274

(0.985,5.252)

2.111

(0.144,30.932)

Viral infections, n (%)

0.158

0.273

 No

802(81.2)

32(64.0)

1.000

1.000

 Yes

148(15.0)

10(20.0)

1.693

(0.815,3.519)

3.762

(0.353,40.114)

Mp infection, n (%)

0.369

0.242

 No

421(42.6)

22(44.0)

1.000

1.000

 Yes

532(53.8)

21(42.0)

0.755

(0.410,1.392)

0.294

(0.038,2.284)

Mixed infections, n (%)

0.043*

0.592

 No

811(82.1)

31(62.0)

1.000

1.000

 Yes

138(14.0)

11(22.0)

2.085

(1.024,4.246)

2.249

(0.116,43.534)

Serum sIgE(IU/ml), n (%)

 House dust mite

0.131

0.499

  < 0.35

675(68.3)

24(48.0)

1.000

1.000

  ≥ 0.35

138(14.0)

9(18.0)

1.834

(0.834,4.032)

0.512

(0.074,3.564)

 Milk

0.235

0.033*

  < 0.35

638(64.6)

23(46.0)

1.000

1.000

  ≥ 0.35

175(17.7)

10(20.0)

1.585

(0.741,3.393)

6.552

(1.162,36.936)

 Egg white

0.851

0.261

  < 0.35

723(73.2)

29(58.0)

1.000

1.000

  ≥ 0.35

90(9.1)

4(8.0)

1.108

(0.381,3.224)

2.916

(0.450,18.890)

 Shrimp

0.716

1.000

  < 0.35

796(80.6)

32(64.0)

1.000

1.000

  ≥ 0.35

17(1.7)

1(2.0)

1.463

(0.189,11.338)

0.000

0.000

 Crab

0.628

1.000

  < 0.35

798(80.8)

32(64.0)

1.000

1.000

  ≥ 0.35

15(1.5)

1(2.0)

1.662

(0.213,12.977)

0.127

0.000

Micronutrient levels

 Vitamin A(umol/l)

0.099

0.105

  0.52–2.2

497(50.3)

18(36.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 0.52

15(1.5)

2(4.0)

3.681

(0.783,17.320)

15.604

(0.563,432.153)

 Vitamin B1(nmol/l )

0.998

0.998

  50–150

488(49.4)

20(40.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 50

24(2.4)

0(0.0)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

 Vitamin B2(ug/l)

0.451

0.904

  ≥ 200

482(48.8)

18(36.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 200

30(3.0)

2(4.0)

1.785

(0.396,8.054)

1.264

(0.029,55.840)

 Vitamin B6(umol/l)

0.096

0.999

  14.6–72.9

508(51.4)

19(38.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 14.6

4(0.4)

1(2.0)

6.684

(0.713,62.702)

0.000

0.000

 Vitamin C(umol/l)

0.699

0.902

  34–114

450(45.5)

17(34.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 34

62(6.3)

3(6.0)

1.281

(0.365,4.496)

1.175

(0.090,15.388)

 Serum 25(OH)D(nmol/l)

0.999

1.000

  ≥ 50

502(50.8)

20(40.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 50

9(0.9)

0(0.0)

0.000

0.000

0.293

0.000

 Zn(umol/l)

0.000*

0.570

  9.2–22.9

375(38.0)

9(18.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 9.2

84(8.5)

12(24.0)

5.952

(2.430,14.583)

1.760

(0.250,12.386)

 Ca(mmol/l)

0.000*

0.019*

  2.0-2.74

438(44.3)

12(24.0)

1.000

1.000

  < 2.0

21(2.1)

9(18.0)

15.643

(15.937,41.217)

12.103

(1.510,97.011)